
Exhaust/Manifold
situated at
the front of
the system
and bolted
to the
engine, the
purpose of a
manifold is
to guide
poisonous
gas and heat
into other
components
of the
system.
Manifolds
are usually
made from
cast iron
(to
withstand
extreme
temperatures
- up to 1300
degrees
Celsius!).
Due to this
heat, they
are prone to
cracking.
In some
cases the
manifold has
been
replaced by
'extractors'
(otherwise
known as
'headers').
Engine
Pipe
connecting
the manifold
to the
catalytic
converter,
heat (now
less extreme
at around
1100 degrees
Celsius) and
poisonous
gases pass
through to
the cat
converter.
Catalytic
Converter
this
component
converts the
harmful
gases into
carbon
dioxide,
water,
nitrogen and
oxygen.
Three way
converters
are the most
common and
contain a
honeycomb
like biscuit
which is
impregnated
with three
types of
precious
metals.
The cat
converter is
200 degrees
at operating
temperature
reaching
600-800
degrees at
optimum
efficiency.
Front /
Centre /
Intermediate
Muffler
otherwise
simply known
as the
'intermediate
assembly',
in some
systems this
would
consist of a
resonator
positioned
at the front
with a
muffler at
the
rear.
The
resonator is
a small
muffler
designed to
take the
resonance
out the
noise and
the front
(also known
as 'centre')
muffler
continues to
reduce the
noise
further from
here.